BAYAMO, Cuba, Sep 09 (IPS) – In a single day, lots of of individuals within the rural neighborhood of Las Mangas, situated in Granma province in japanese Cuba, realised one thing that they had already suspected: that the water that they had been consuming for many years was not precisely crystal clear, however fairly “salty”, as they are saying.
It was definitely a constructive change, because of a desalination plant that began working in August, 5 years after development started in 2019, with a US$ 61,000 funding by the Granma Provincial Delegation of Hydraulic Resources.
“We did a take a look at and the water coming from the plant freezes clear, whereas the water from the road freezes white, due to impurities. Now, with the plant, the persons are joyful,” neighborhood consultant Rodolfo Echavarría, 55, instructed IPS.
Las Mangas is a part of the municipality of Bayamo, the provincial capital, some 740 kilometres east of Havana. It has water networks that carry water from a effectively to the connections within the homes.
Nevertheless, the water supply incorporates a salinity price exceeding one gram of soluble salts per litre of water, the restrict permitted for human consumption by the nation’s well being authorities.
“The desalination plant was constructed on the outlet of this brackish effectively, serving as an quick access level (the place folks can fetch the processed liquid with containers),” defined Yasser Vázquez, deputy sub-delegate of the Water Sources Delegation in Granma, in an interview with IPS in Bayamo.
The brand new facility, the third of its variety within the province, processes 2,000 litres of water a day and, in accordance with the planners’ estimates, advantages 1,097 inhabitants. Echavarría believes that quantity rises to virtually 2,000 folks, for the reason that villages of El Chungo, La Bayamesa and Santa María, all greater than three kilometres from Las Mangas, additionally profit.
The plant’s purification system makes use of the reverse osmosis technique, one of the crucial widespread globally. There are others resembling distillation, freezing, hydrate formation, flash evaporation or electrodialysis.
Reverse osmosis includes making use of stress to brackish water and making it circulation by way of a semi-permeable membrane whose function is to permit the solvent (water) to move by way of, however not the solute (dissolved salts).
In essence, the water in a pressurised saline resolution is separated from the dissolved salts because it passes by way of the membrane after which goes by way of additional rounds of filtration and chemical injection till it reaches the required requirements of potability.
A neighborhood resident, Yoel González, 52, was skilled to function the plant and is answerable for its upkeep.
“You must know the way it works, as a result of there are issues that may go incorrect, as has occurred. I’ve lived all my life in Las Mangas and one of the best factor that has occurred right here is that this (the set up of the desalination plant). Water has all the time been troublesome. We used to drink that brackish water, and you could possibly style the acid and salt in it,” he instructed IPS.
A change of surroundings, or fairly, of waters
On this village eight kilometres from town of Bayamo, between 6:00 am and 6:00 pm, when the desalination plant opens, folks collect on the website’s solely current faucet and fill various-sized containers.
The water popping out of the faucet in each house or facility in Las Mangas, the brackish water that hardly comes out of the effectively chlorinated, is barely used for cleansing, dishes, laundry and generally cooking. On this agricultural and livestock farming village, some farmers additionally use it to quench their animals’ thirst.
“When the plant was arrange, folks mentioned at first: ‘I drink it from the road, I have been consuming all of it my life and I have never died’. Cubans are like that. However once they tried the brand new one, every little thing modified,” argued Echavarría, the neighborhood chief.
Nancy Gómez, 72, was born there and is likely one of the few individuals who resists the change.
“The neighbours are shocked as a result of I do not search for contemporary water, however I am used to it and it has by no means brought on me any well being issues. My kids grew up consuming that (brackish) water. However my granddaughter does deliver it from the plant for the kids and I drink it once in a while. You’ll be able to style the distinction,” she instructed IPS.
Oscar Fajardo, 50, has all the time prevented consuming water from the effectively since he moved to Las Mangas 4 years in the past from Guasimilla, eight kilometres away.
In his house city, the water tasted contemporary and “candy”, so he by no means obtained used to the brand new saltiness. Even after shifting away, Fajardo nonetheless fetched it in Guasimilla on his electrical bike every time he visited his mom.
“I might search for water there or elsewhere. Generally I needed to drink the dangerous one, however after seeing the sediment that amassed within the knobs and pots, I attempted to keep away from it. Folks right here have tailored to consuming brackish water, however a couple of discovered alternative routes,” he instructed IPS.
Whereas it was frequent to boil and drink the faucet water, some individuals who knew higher or had extra money would go to Bayamo or El Chungo to fill their very own family containers, or purchase the liquid from homeowners of horse-drawn carts, who would promote 200 litres for the equal of US$ 0.40.
“The desalination plant is a superb profit, a marvel. If one thing as mandatory as water will not be good, think about the harm it causes to well being,” mentioned Fajardo.
Risks of salinated water
The dangers of consuming water with excess salt are diverse: upset abdomen, dehydration, hypertension, fluid retention within the physique or kidney harm.
In any case, salt incorporates, along with the chloride electrolyte, sodium, a mineral dangerous to the human physique in some ways when ingested in massive portions.
The World Well being Organisation (WHO) recommends an consumption of no more than five grams of salt per day, equal to 2 grams (2000 mg) of sodium.
González, the operator of the Las Mangas desalination plant, mentioned the neighborhood has a number of instances of kidney stones (additionally referred to as nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis), that are arduous deposits made from minerals and salts that type contained in the kidneys and might have an effect on any a part of the urinary tract.
They might have arisen from extended consumption of brackish water, as a number of villagers interviewed by IPS suspect.
“Certainly one of my kids complains when he urinates due to the stones, and he will get renal colics on a regular basis,” mentioned Gómez, the resident who’s reluctant to drink the water processed by the plant.
Marisol Hildago, 37, additionally a resident of Las Mangas and mom of two, used to drink faucet water till one thing brought on her to begin searching for water from El Chungo.
“My father suffered from persistent renal insufficiency and that is why I began to search for water there. Now we solely drink water from the plant and my father has improved,” she instructed IPS.
Water points within the province
Las Mangas will not be the one neighborhood in Granma with water-related points. There are others the place the subsurface basins and water sources have excessive ranges of salinity, which regularly obtain consuming water from tanker vans.
Granma, referred to as the ‘Key to the Cauto’ (river), the place the longest watercourse in all of the Antilles flows at 343 kilometres, additionally has a low-isometric reduction and boggy areas, which makes it extra susceptible to seawater encroachment and saline intrusion into the water desk, as occurs in Las Mangas and different locations.
Some students declare that the river’s circulation has decreased partially as a consequence of local weather change, deforestation and the development of the Cauto del Paso reservoir, the third largest within the nation and inaugurated in 1992.
With the reducing of the river degree, seawater encroaches with better power by way of the course itself, affecting the water basins of some lands on the mouth of the Cauto.
This province with 804,000 folks – in a rustic with a inhabitants of 10 million – has had a steady water state of affairs with its provide sources for the reason that heavy rains of June 2023, which, along with filling reservoirs and restoring the water desk, destroyed a part of the infrastructure.
Granma typically suffers from droughts which, in accordance with water authorities, have an effect on as much as 100,000 of its inhabitants.
When this occurs, river circulation decreases and saline intrusion from the ocean will increase, disabling quite a few wells, particularly the shallower, artisanal ones, that are an answer for residents in locations which can be troublesome to entry.
The opposite main downside lies within the accessibility of water networks and the supply of the service, as solely 76% of the province’s inhabitants receives piped water of their properties and solely 38.7% (some 310,000 folks) obtain water at house at the very least as soon as each three days.
Different extra affected areas, such because the coastal municipality of Manzanillo, can get water provides for as much as 20 days. In all, greater than 66,000 residents are provided by water tankers.
An extra 15 desalination vegetation are deliberate for Granma, to be added to the handfuls current all through the nation. Within the final decade, the Cuban authorities has promoted the development of those hydraulic works, each in communities with salinised water sources and in industries and seashore resorts.
© Inter Press Service (2024) — All Rights ReservedOriginal source: Inter Press Service
